Hypercalcemia
1 Decrease in serum calcium leads to ?
A. Increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B. Resorption of calcium from bone
C. Stimulates renal 1,25(OH)2D production
D. All of the above
2 Which of the following is the action of PTH ?
A. Increased tubular reabsorption of calcium by kidney
B. Resorption of calcium from bone
C. Stimulates renal 1,25(OH)2D production
D. All of the above
3 Excess PTH production not appropriately suppressed by increased serum calcium concentrations occurs in ?
A. Hypercalcemia of malignancy
B. Parathyroid adenoma
C. Sarcoidosis
D. Hyperthyroidism
4 Which of the following is related to familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) ?
A. PTH-related peptide (PTHrP)
B. 1,25(OH)2D
C. Calcium sensor receptor (CaSR) mutations
D. Exogenous calcium overload
5 Which of the following is related to PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) ?
A. Hypercalcemia of malignancy
B. Milk-alkali syndrome
C. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)
D. Sarcoidosis
6 Enhanced conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D leading to hypercalcemia is related to ?
A. Hypercalcemia of malignancy
B. Milk-alkali syndrome
C. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)
D. Sarcoidosis
7 Hypercalcemia due to excess secretion of 1,25(OH)2 D occurs in which of the following ?
A. Breast cancer
B. Squamous-cell cancer
C. Ovarian cancer
D. Lymphoma
8 Type of hypercalcemia associated with cancer is ?
A. Local osteolytic hypercalcemia
B. Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
C. 1,25(OH)2D-secreting lymphomas
D. All of the above
9 Hypercalcemia with suppressed PTH secretion in hyperthyroidism is due to ?
A. Enhanced intestinal calcium absorption
B. Increased calcium mobilization from bone
C. PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia
D. Increased parathyroid cell mass
10 Serum levels of calcium in mild hypercalcemia are up to ?
A. 7 - 8.5 mg/dL
B. 8 - 9.5 mg/dL
C. 9 - 10.5 mg/dL
D. 11 - 11.5 mg/dL
11 Serum levels of calcium in severe hypercalcemia is more than ?
A. 11 mg/dL
B. 12 mg/dL
C. 13 mg/dL
D. 14 mg/dL
12 True hypercalcemia refers to ?
A. Elevated serum level of total calcium
B. Elevated serum level of nonionized calcium
C. Elevated serum level of ionized calcium
D. Any of the above
13 Basic mechanism of true hypercalcemia is ?
A. Enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption
B. Enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium
C. Enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium
D. All of the above
14 Medication that may independently lead to hypercalcemia is ?
A. Lithium
B. Vitamin D
C. Thiazides
D. All of the above
15 While treating hypercalcemia, serum phosphorus level should be kept in the range of ?
A. 0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL
B. 1.0 to 2.0 mg/dL
C. 2.0 to 2.5 mg/dL
D. 2.5 to 3.0 mg/dL
16 While treating hypercalcemia, calcium - phosphorus product should be kept ideally below ?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 20
D. 30
17 Which of the following occurs in acute severe hypercalcemia (>12-13 mg/dL) ?
A. Pancreatitis
B. Peptic ulcer disease
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. All of the above
18 ECG changes in hypercalcemia include all except ?
A. Bradycardia
B. AV block
C. Short QT interval
D. Prolonged PR interval
19 Changes in serum calcium is preferrably monitored by which of the following in ECG ?
A. Heart rate
B. QRS amplitude
C. QT interval
D. ST segment
20 What percentage of serum total calcium is ionized ?
A. 10 %
B. 25 %
C. 50 %
D. 80 %
My chemotherapy treatments...
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